CMOS neurostimulation ASIC with 100 channels, scaleable output, and bidirectional radio-frequency telemetry

100-channel neurostimulation circuit comprising a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has been designed, constructed and tested. The ASIC forms a significant milestone and an integral component of a 100-electrode neurostimulation system being developed by the authors. The system comprises an externally worn transmitter and a body implantable stimulator. The purpose of the system is to communicate both data and power across tissue via radio-frequency (RF) telemetry such that externally programmable, constant current, charge balanced, biphasic stimuli may be delivered to neural tissue at 100 unique sites. An intrinsic reverse telemetry feature of the ASIC has been designed such that information pertaining to the device function, reconstruction of the stimulation voltage waveform, and the measurement of impedance may be obtained through noninvasive means. To compensate for the paucity of data pertaining to the stimulation thresholds necessary in evoking a physiological response, the ASIC has been designed with scaleable current output. The ASIC has been designed primarily as a treatment of degenerative disorders of the retina whereby the 100 channels are to be utilized in the delivery of a pattern of stimuli of varying intensity and or duty cycle to the surviving neural tissue of the retina. However, it is conceivable that other fields of neurostimulation such as cochlear prosthetics and functional electronic stimulation may benefit from the employment of the system.