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Avoidable mortality in New Zealand, 1981-97.

M Tobias1, G Jackson

  • 1Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand. martin_tobias@moh.govt.nz

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
|April 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Avoidable mortality in New Zealand significantly decreased by 38% between 1981 and 1997. However, chronic diseases and injuries still contribute to a high rate of potentially avoidable deaths, particularly among males, Māori, and Pacific peoples.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Avoidable mortality represents deaths that could potentially be prevented through timely and effective public health and medical interventions.
  • Understanding trends and disparities in avoidable mortality is crucial for targeted health policy and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends and variations in avoidable mortality in New Zealand from 1981 to 1997.
  • To examine differences in avoidable mortality by age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized New Zealand Health Information Service mortality data (1981-1997).
  • Classified deaths as 'avoidable' or 'unavoidable' using reassessed ICD-9 codes and an upper age limit of 75.
  • Subcategorized avoidable deaths by intervention level (primary, secondary, tertiary) and linked to deprivation scores (NZDep96).

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Main Results:

  • Avoidable mortality decreased by 38% (1981-1997), significantly more than unavoidable mortality (9%).
  • In 1996-97, nearly 70% of deaths in the 0-74 age group were potentially avoidable, dominated by chronic diseases (ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, cancers) and injuries (including suicide).
  • Males, Māori, and Pacific peoples experienced disproportionately higher rates of avoidable mortality, with significant disparities linked to deprivation.

Conclusions:

  • Avoidable mortality analysis is a valuable tool for evidence-based health needs assessment.
  • Findings highlight persistent inequities and the need for targeted interventions to reduce preventable deaths across diverse population groups in New Zealand.