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Related Experiment Videos

Persistent respiratory irregularity in patients with panic disorder.

J L Abelson1, J G Weg, R M Nesse

  • 1Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0840, USA.

Biological Psychiatry
|April 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Panic disorder patients exhibit intrinsic, irregular breathing patterns, characterized by sighing, which are not altered by hyperventilation or cognitive interventions. These breathing abnormalities may stem from dysregulated neural circuits in the brain stem or midbrain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Dysregulated respiratory control is implicated in panic disorder pathophysiology.
  • Previous studies on the doxapram model of panic have yielded inconclusive results regarding respiratory abnormalities.
  • Higher brain centers may influence respiratory patterns, but abnormalities persist in panic patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly investigate respiratory irregularity in panic disorder patients.
  • To quantify breathing pattern irregularity using tidal volume (V(t)) and frequency (f).
  • To assess the impact of cognitive intervention and doxapram-induced hyperventilation on respiratory irregularity.

Main Methods:

  • Breath-by-breath records of V(t) and f were analyzed in 16 panic patients and 16 controls.

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  • Respiratory irregularity was quantified using von Neumann's statistic and sigh frequency.
  • Subjects received either a standard introduction or a cognitive intervention before doxapram administration.

    • Main Results:

    • Panic patients demonstrated significantly greater V(t) irregularity compared to controls.
    • V(t) irregularity was primarily due to a characteristic sighing pattern in patients.
    • Neither cognitive intervention nor hyperventilation altered V(t) irregularity.
    • Patients also showed slightly elevated f irregularity.

    Conclusions:

    • Irregular breathing patterns in panic disorder appear intrinsic and stable.
    • These patterns are unaffected by induced hyperventilation or cognitive manipulation.
    • Further research into V(t) irregularity and sighing is needed to localize neural circuit dysregulation in panic disorder.