Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with acquired hypogammaglobulinemia

A case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 26-year-old man with acquired IgA and IgG2 hypogammaglobulinemia, secondary to carbamazepine therapy given because of a previous head injury, is presented. The patient's clinical picture was otherwise typical, although hypogammaglobulinemia resulted in a delay in diagnosis, and response to therapy was excellent. This case is noteworthy because it is the first reported case of visceral leishmaniasis in a hypogammaglobulinemic patient and also because it is the fifth case of hypogammaglobulinemia due to carbamazepine reported worldwide.