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Chemical Gardens as Flow-through Reactors Simulating Natural Hydrothermal Systems
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Chemical speciation drives hydrothermal vent ecology.

G W Luther1, T F Rozan, M Taillefert

  • 1College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware 19958, USA. luther@udel.edu

Nature
|April 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Deep-sea vent organisms

Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Geochemistry
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Deep-sea hydrothermal vent physiology is understood, but environmental factors controlling organism distribution remain unclear.
  • Chemical speciation of elements is hypothesized to influence biological community structure in extreme environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physicochemical factors controlling deep-sea hydrothermal vent organism distribution.
  • To measure chemical speciation in situ at East Pacific Rise vents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electrochemical technology for in situ measurements of chemical speciation.
  • Correlated oxygen, iron, and sulfur speciation with the distribution of specific taxa across microhabitats.

Main Results:

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  • Significant differences in oxygen, iron, and sulfur speciation were observed.
  • Speciation strongly correlated with the distribution of specific taxa in different microhabitats.
  • Soluble iron-sulfide clusters in high-temperature microhabitats (>30°C) reduce free hydrogen sulfide availability.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical speciation, particularly iron-sulfur interactions, is a key factor controlling deep-sea vent organism distribution.
  • Microhabitat-specific chemical conditions dictate habitat availability for vent organisms.