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Cytokine gene polymorphisms in psoriasis.

N M Craven1, C W Jackson, B Kirby

  • 1Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.

The British Journal of Dermatology
|April 12, 2001
PubMed
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Genetic variants in cytokine genes are not a primary risk factor for psoriasis. While T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines are elevated in psoriatic skin, this is likely due to local factors, not inherited gene profiles.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cytokine production is genetically influenced, with specific gene variants affecting levels.
  • Psoriasis exhibits increased T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in affected skin.
  • A relative decrease in T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, is also observed in psoriasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if genetic variations associated with high Th1 or TNF-α production, or low Th2 cytokine production, increase psoriasis risk.
  • To determine the role of specific cytokine gene polymorphisms in the development of psoriasis.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping was performed for IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-α genes.
  • The study included 84 patients diagnosed with psoriasis.

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  • Genotype frequencies were compared between the patient cohort and control data.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in genotype frequencies were found for IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-4 between psoriasis patients and controls.
    • A specific heterozygous genotype at position -1082 for IL-10 was more common in patients with late-onset psoriasis (over 40 years), correlating with intermediate IL-10 production.
    • This finding suggests a potential, albeit limited, association with IL-10 production in a subset of patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Psoriasis development is not determined by genotypes linked to high Th1 or low Th2 cytokine production.
    • The observed Th1 cytokine profile in psoriatic lesions is likely induced by local environmental factors within the skin.
    • Genetic predisposition to psoriasis may not be directly linked to the studied cytokine gene polymorphisms.