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A 2 X 2 achievement goal framework.

A J Elliot1, H A McGregor

  • 1Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627-0266, USA. andye@scp.rochester.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 13, 2001
PubMed
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This study introduces a 2x2 achievement goal framework, including mastery-avoidance goals. Findings show distinct profiles for each goal, with mastery-avoidance goals having more negative outcomes than mastery-approach goals.

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Motivation Theory
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Achievement goal theory is a key framework for understanding academic motivation.
  • Previous models often focused on approach and avoidance dimensions separately.
  • A comprehensive 2x2 framework allows for a more nuanced understanding of goal structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and empirically test a 2x2 achievement goal framework.
  • To examine the antecedents and consequences of four distinct achievement goals: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance.
  • To specifically investigate the unique profile of the mastery-avoidance goal construct.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three empirical studies to validate the proposed achievement goal framework.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized factor analysis to confirm the independence of the four achievement goal constructs.
  • Assessed relationships between achievement goals and various antecedents (motive dispositions, implicit theories, socialization) and consequences (test anxiety, performance, health center visits).

    • Main Results:

    • Factor analytic results supported the distinctness of the four achievement goal constructs.
    • Each achievement goal demonstrated unique empirical profiles regarding antecedents and consequences.
    • Mastery-avoidance goals exhibited a more negative pattern than mastery-approach goals but a more positive pattern than performance-avoidance goals.

    Conclusions:

    • The 2x2 achievement goal framework provides a robust structure for understanding motivation.
    • The mastery-avoidance goal construct has a distinct and significant impact on academic outcomes.
    • Findings offer implications for future theoretical advancements in achievement goal research.