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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

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Published on: January 5, 2018

Three questions can detect hazardous drinkers.

A J Gordon¹, S A Maisto, M McNeil

¹Section of General Internal Medicine, VA Center for Health Services Research, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. gordona@msx.upmc.edu

The Journal of Family Practice

|April 13, 2001

Summary

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) effectively identifies hazardous drinking in primary care. This brief screening tool performs comparably to the full AUDIT, aiding early detection of alcohol use disorders.

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A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

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Area of Science:

Primary care research
Public health
Addiction medicine

Background:

Hazardous alcohol consumption is a significant public health concern.
Effective screening tools are crucial for early identification in primary care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its shorter versions (AUDIT-C, AUDIT-3) for identifying hazardous drinkers.
To compare the performance of these screening tools against a quantity-frequency measure of hazardous drinking.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 13,438 patients across 12 primary care sites.
The study assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the AUDIT, AUDIT-C, and AUDIT-3.
Receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were used to compare the performance of the different AUDIT versions.

Main Results:

The AUDIT-C demonstrated a high area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (0.949), comparable to the full AUDIT (0.940).
Both AUDIT and AUDIT-C showed significantly better performance than AUDIT-3 (0.871).
AUDIT-C achieved 94.9% sensitivity and 68.8% specificity for detecting hazardous drinkers, defined by a positive AUDIT score of 8 or higher.

Conclusions:

The 3-question AUDIT-C is a highly effective tool for identifying hazardous drinkers in primary care, performing similarly to the full AUDIT.
The AUDIT-C's brevity and accuracy make it a valuable initial screening instrument for hazardous alcohol use.
This validated screening approach can facilitate timely interventions for individuals with problematic alcohol consumption.