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Lung cancer in Brazil.

E Algranti1, A M Menezes, A C Achutti

  • 1Division of Medicine, FUNDACENTRO, São Paulo, Brazil.

Seminars in Oncology
|April 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Lung cancer is a growing public health concern in Brazil, with rising incidence and mortality rates, particularly among women, driven by increased tobacco use. Occupational exposures to carcinogens like asbestos also contribute to this alarming trend.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Lung cancer is Brazil's second leading cause of death, with unreliable national registries.
  • Incidence and mortality rates are increasing, especially in women, linked to rising tobacco consumption.
  • Occupational exposures to respiratory carcinogens, such as mineral dusts, silica, and asbestos, are significant concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current trends and risk factors for lung cancer in Brazil.
  • To highlight the impact of tobacco consumption and occupational exposures on lung cancer rates.
  • To underscore the challenges in controlling respiratory carcinogens in the workplace.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on lung cancer incidence and mortality in Brazil.
  • Analysis of tobacco consumption patterns, including gender-specific trends.
  • Examination of occupational risks and environmental exposures.

Main Results:

  • Crude and adjusted lung cancer rates are rising, with a notable increase among women due to accelerated tobacco use.
  • In Rio Grande do Sul, reliable registries show male rates comparable to US data, while female rates are increasing.
  • Occupational exposures to mineral dusts, silica, and asbestos are linked to increased lung cancer incidence in industrial areas.

Conclusions:

  • Despite a slight decrease in male smoking, the overall tobacco burden remains high, predicting further increases in lung cancer.
  • Effective control of occupational respiratory carcinogens is crucial, especially given economic and political pressures in developing nations.
  • Improving cancer registries is essential for accurate monitoring and intervention strategies in Brazil.

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