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Histological and biochemical changes in neonatal thyroid tissues.

N Etling, J C Larroche

    Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neonatal thyroid tissue undergoes significant changes post-birth, with early leakage of colloid, iodine, and thyroglobulin followed by rapid replenishment. These thyroid events are linked to infant survival time, not gestational age.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Histopathology

    Background:

    • Thyroid function is critical for neonatal development.
    • Perinatal thyroid tissue dynamics are not fully understood.
    • Early life thyroid changes can impact infant health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate morphological and biochemical changes in neonatal thyroid tissue.
    • To correlate thyroid tissue characteristics with gestational age and survival time.
    • To elucidate the dynamics of colloid, iodine, and thyroglobulin during the early neonatal period.

    Main Methods:

    • Histological examination of thyroid tissues from 17 neonates.
    • Biochemical analysis of iodine content and thyroglobulin percentage.
    • Correlation analysis with gestational age and post-mortem survival intervals.

    Main Results:

    • Thyroid morphology and iodine content correlated with survival time, not gestational age.
    • Early post-birth (0-24 hours): epithelial desquamation, absent colloid, low iodine (<1 μg/mg protein), low thyroglobulin (<10%).
    • Later post-birth (24 hours - 1 week): vesicle filling, increased iodine (1-2 μg/mg protein, then >2 μg/mg protein), and thyroglobulin (20% to 40%).

    Conclusions:

    • A significant leakage of colloid, iodine, and thyroglobulin occurs in the perinatal period.
    • This leakage is followed by a rapid repletion of these substances in neonatal thyroid tissue.
    • These dynamic changes are crucial for early neonatal thyroid function and adaptation.

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