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Lipid phase separation correlates with activation in platelets during chilling.

N M Tsvetkova¹, N J Walker, J H Crowe

¹Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616, USA. nmtsvetkova@ucdavis.edu

Molecular Membrane Biology

|April 17, 2001

Summary

Horse platelets, like human platelets, activate when chilled due to lipid phase transitions. This finding suggests horse platelets are a viable model for studying cold storage of platelets and cell signaling.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Membrane Biophysics

Background:

Human platelets activate when stored below 22°C, limiting their shelf life.
Cold-induced platelet activation is potentially linked to membrane lipid phase transitions (liquid-crystalline to gel).
Animal models are crucial for developing improved platelet cold storage methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between cold-induced activation and lipid phase transitions in animal platelets.
To determine if horse platelets can serve as a suitable model for studying cold-stored human platelets.

Main Methods:

Fluorescence microscopy using 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil-C18).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

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Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and trimethylammonium-DPH (TMA-DPH).

Lipid composition and fatty acid profile analysis.

Main Results:

Cold-induced morphological activation in horse platelets correlates with lipid phase transitions.
Lipid phase separation occurs during cooling and low-temperature storage of horse platelets.
Cholesterol depletion from the plasma membrane induced lipid phase separation and decreased fluorescence anisotropy, indicating altered phospholipid order.
Similarities in lipid profiles suggest horse platelets can model human platelets.

Conclusions:

Horse platelets exhibit cold-induced activation linked to lipid phase transitions, similar to human platelets.
Horse platelets are a promising model for studying platelet storage and cold-induced cell signaling.
Understanding lipid phase behavior is key to improving platelet storage and viability.