Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 8, 2026
Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
Published on: July 21, 2023
Splanchnic perfusion evaluation during hemorrhage and resuscitation with gastric near-infrared spectroscopy
S M Cohn1, J E Varela, G Giannotti
1Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. stephen.cohn@miami.edu
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to use a prototype side-illuminating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) nasogastric probe to continuously measure changes in gastric tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2) in a pig hemorrhage model.
Methods:
Swine (n = 12; 6 per group) underwent laparotomy and placement of a gastric NIRS probe, jejunal tonometer, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow probe, and a portal vein catheter. Animals underwent hemorrhage (28 mL/kg) t = 0 to 20 minutes (where t = time). Pigs in group I were resuscitated (t = 20-40 minutes) with lactated Ringer's solution (84 mL/kg), whereas group II had no resuscitation.
Results:
A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and SMA flow was observed after hemorrhage. SMA flow significantly correlated in group I with both NIRS Sto2 (r = 0.58, p = 0.0001) and regional CO2 (r = -0.54, p = 0.0001). In group II, superior mesenteric flow correlated with NIRS Sto2 (r = 0.30, p = 0.03), but not regional CO2 (r = -0.23, p = 0.09).
Conclusion:
Direct measurement of tissue oxygen saturation with a prototype side-illuminating near-infrared spectroscopy gastric probe appeared to rapidly reflect changes in splanchnic perfusion.
