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A case of localized persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema.

M H Oh1, M Y Kim, W S Shim

  • 1Department of Pathology, Sejong General Hospital, Puchon, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|April 18, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Localized persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema (LPIPE) can occur in full-term infants without ventilation. This rare condition presents as a single-lobe air collection, requiring differentiation from other congenital lung abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Interstitial pulmonary emphysema (IPE) is a known complication of mechanical ventilation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Localized persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema (LPIPE) is a rare variant, typically associated with ventilation support.

Observation:

  • A case of LPIPE was incidentally found in a 4-day-old, otherwise healthy, full-term infant.
  • The infant had no history of respiratory distress or assisted mechanical ventilation.
  • Radiographic findings included a radiolucent area in the right lower lobe, necessitating differential diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed irregular air-cystic spaces.
  • Pathological examination showed cystic walls composed of compressed lung parenchyma and connective tissue, with multinucleated giant cells.

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Implications:

  • This case highlights that LPIPE can occur in term infants without ventilation, expanding its known etiology.
  • Accurate differential diagnosis, including congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital lobar emphysema, is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Further research into non-ventilator-associated LPIPE is warranted.