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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: November 17, 2020
Ocular manifestations of central nervous system lymphoma
R R Buggage1, C C Chan, R B Nussenblatt
1Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. BuggageR@intra.nei.nih.gov
Abstract:
Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is a variant of primary central nervous system lymphoma in which lymphoma cells are initially present only in the eyes without evidence of disease in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with PIOL are typically older adults who present with blurred vision and floaters. The ophthalmic examination characteristically shows a cellular infiltrate in the vitreous with or without the presence of subretinal infiltrates. Diagnostic evaluation for PIOL includes neuroimaging, cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, and a diagnostic vitrectomy with special handling of the vitreous specimen, if the former is nondiagnostic. Molecular and cytokine analyses are useful adjuncts to cytology for the diagnosis of PIOL. Recent molecular studies demonstrating viral DNA in the ocular lymphoma cells suggest a role for infectious agents in the pathogenesis of PIOL. To date, the best mode for treatment of PIOL or recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma involving only the eyes remains undefined.
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