Radiologic, mechanical, and histologic evaluation of 2 glenoid prosthesis designs in a canine model

Aseptic loosening of glenoid components is a common problem associated with total shoulder arthroplasty. A new glenoid design aimed at improving fixation outcomes was compared with conventional keeled glenoids in weight-bearing canine shoulders. Radiographic, histologic, and mechanical tests were performed at 3 postoperative intervals (0, 3, and 6 months). The uncemented pegged glenoid achieved bone ingrowth around the peg flanges in each case. This result was confirmed histologically and radiographically. Mechanical results indicated that mean fixation strength increases significantly between 0 and 3 months after surgery and remains strong through 6 months. In contrast, conventional keeled glenoids were found to have partial or complete radiolucent lines around the keel in each instance, and mechanical testing demonstrated that mean fixation strength weakens significantly between 0 and 3 months after surgery and remains weak through 6 months. These results show that stem design changes can improve implant fixation. A cementless fluted peg stem was superior to a conventional cemented keel design in achieving osseous integration and fixation in a weight-bearing animal model.