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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
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Electrical stimulation for swallowing disorders caused by stroke.

M L Freed1, L Freed, R L Chatburn

  • 1Respiratory Care Department, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106, USA. marcy.freed@uhhs.com

Respiratory Care
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Electrical stimulation (ES) offers a safe and effective dysphagia treatment for stroke patients, significantly improving swallowing function compared to traditional thermal-tactile stimulation (TS). This novel approach shows promising results for recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Dysphagia affects 15 million US adults, leading to severe complications like aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition.
  • Current dysphagia treatments are often ineffective, with slow recovery times.
  • Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) presents an alternative to conventional therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of ES treatment versus thermal-tactile stimulation (TS) for post-stroke dysphagia.
  • To evaluate the safety of the ES technique in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled study involving stroke patients with confirmed swallowing disorders via modified barium swallow (MBS).
  • Patients were randomized to either TS (ice-cold probe) or ES (neck electrodes).

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  • Swallow function was assessed using a 0-6 score before and after daily 1-hour treatment sessions.

    • Main Results:

    • Both groups improved, but the ES group demonstrated significantly higher final swallow scores (p > 0.0001).
    • 98% of ES patients showed improvement, compared to 27% in the TS group who remained unchanged and 11% who worsened.
    • Treatment duration and frequency were similar between groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrical stimulation (ES) is a safe and effective treatment for stroke-related dysphagia.
    • ES yields superior outcomes in swallowing function compared to conventional thermal-tactile stimulation (TS).