Thyroid function after radiation and surgery for head and neck cancer.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Endocrinology
• Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

• Preoperative radiation and surgical excision are standard treatments for head and neck cancer.
• The impact of these treatments on thyroid function requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prospectively evaluate the effects of preoperative radiation and surgical excision on thyroid function in head and neck cancer patients.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study involving 61 patients treated with cobalt 60 radiation.
• Assessment of thyroid function, including clinical and chemical evaluations.

Main Results:

• 67% of patients remained euthyroid, while 20% developed hypothyroidism and 13% had transient thyroid reserve loss.
• Permanent hypothyroidism was more common after hemithyroidectomy compared to radiation alone.
• Hypothyroidism onset occurred within 0-6 months, with transient issues up to 18 months.

Conclusions:

• Preoperative radiation and surgery significantly impact thyroid function, leading to a high incidence of hypothyroidism.
• Patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy are at higher risk for permanent hypothyroidism.
• Regular, long-term thyroid function monitoring is crucial for head and neck cancer patients post-treatment.