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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Cellular immune responses to HIV.

A J McMichael1, S L Rowland-Jones

  • 1MRC Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.

Nature
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs T cell responses, leading to immune system collapse. This cellular immune dysfunction allows the virus to escape control and persist.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The cellular immune response, primarily T lymphocytes, is crucial for controlling viral infections.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents a unique challenge to immune control despite a seemingly robust T cell response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which HIV evades immune control.
  • To understand how HIV impairs both infected and uninfected T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T lymphocyte (CD4+ and CD8+) function during HIV infection.
  • Examination of immune cell interactions and viral escape mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • HIV infects critical immune cells, including CD4+ T cells.
  • Impaired function of both infected CD4+ and uninfected CD8+ T cells contributes to viral persistence.
  • Failure of CD8+ T cells to control HIV facilitates viral escape.

Conclusions:

  • HIV actively undermines the host's cellular immune response.
  • The impairment of T cell-mediated immunity is central to HIV pathogenesis and eventual immune system collapse.