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Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Thailand.

G Fucharoen1, S Fucharoen, S Horai

  • 1Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

Journal of Human Genetics
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences reveal genetic diversity among Thai ethnic groups. The 9-bp deletion suggests ancient Southeast Asian origins, with Sakai being genetically distinct.

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Area of Science:

  • Human genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Mitochondrial DNA analysis

Background:

  • Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region sequencing is crucial for understanding population genetics and evolutionary history.
  • Analyzing genetic diversity within and among ethnic groups provides insights into migration patterns and ancestral relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze nucleotide sequences of the D-loop region of human mitochondrial DNA from six small ethnic groups in Thailand.
  • To compare these sequences with native Thai populations and investigate genetic relationships and historical origins.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of the 563-bp D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA from 215 individuals across various Thai ethnic groups.
  • Comparative analysis of sequence types, identification of unique and shared sequences, and analysis of the COII/tRNALys 9-bp deletion.
  • Phylogenetic analysis and calculation of genetic distances based on net nucleotide diversities.

Main Results:

  • 137 different sequence types were observed among 215 Thai individuals, with 124 unique to their populations.
  • The COII/tRNALys 9-bp deletion was present in most Thai populations (18%-40% frequency), but absent in Sakai.
  • Genetic distance analysis indicated that Sakai are distantly related to other Thai groups, while Lao Song and Chong are closely related.

Conclusions:

  • The D-loop sequence variation and phylogenetic analysis suggest the 9-bp deletion is ancient in Southeast Asian ancestry.
  • Close genetic affinities among Hill tribes, Phuthai, and Northeast Thai suggest shared ancestral maternal lineages.
  • The study highlights significant genetic diversity and distinct evolutionary histories among Thai ethnic populations.

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