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Related Experiment Videos

Middle ear reflex activity in the startle reaction.

O Greisen, E B Neergaard

    Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |June 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    The middle ear startle reflex is highly variable and fatigues easily, unlike the stapedius reflex. This reflex can still be detected even without a functioning tensor tympani muscle.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Neuroscience
    • Auditory Physiology

    Background:

    • The middle ear contains muscles that influence sound transmission and protection.
    • The stapedius reflex is a well-studied acoustic reflex.
    • The startle reflex's role in middle ear muscle activity is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics of the middle ear muscular reflex activity during the startle reaction.
    • To compare the startle reflex with the stapedius reflex.
    • To assess startle reflex activity in patients with otosclerosis and post-tympanoplasty cavities.

    Main Methods:

    • Extratympanic phonometry was used to measure middle ear muscle reflex activity.
    • Measurements were taken in control subjects, patients with otosclerosis, and patients with surgical cavities lacking a functional tensor tympani muscle.

    Main Results:

    • The startle reflex exhibited greater variability in latency, amplitude, and configuration compared to the stapedius reflex.
    • Pronounced fatigue and high dependence on alertness characterized the startle reflex.
    • A latency period of approximately 60 msec was observed.
    • A distinct startle reflex was elicited in cavities without a functioning tensor tympani muscle, likely due to Eustachian tube muscle contraction.

    Conclusions:

    • The middle ear startle reflex possesses distinct characteristics, including high variability and fatigability.
    • Its elicitation is possible even with impaired middle ear muscle function, suggesting alternative pathways.
    • Findings contribute to understanding the complex mechanisms of middle ear reflexes and their clinical implications.

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