Immunosenescence and cancer: a review

The human neoplastic pathologies are age-dependent. The increased occurrence of tumors observed with advancing age may be determined by the accumulation of certain phenomena promoting different phases of neoplastic processes. In these events, important roles can be attributed to mutations of the genome that accumulate during aging and to the immunosenescence. It may be hypothesized that certain tumors controlled by the immune system may become more frequent in the elderly as a consequence of the decreased functionality of this important defense system of the organism. Nevertheless, the problems of the interrelationships between the immunosenescence and tumors are seriously contradictory. Therefore, on the one hand, one has to establish how much the immunodeficit of the elderly patient may be responsible for the neoplastic pathology, while on the other hand, one cannot neglect important environmental and pathophysiological factors in these cases.