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Related Experiment Videos

Host defense, viruses and apoptosis.

G N Barber1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA. gbarber@med.miami.edu

Cell Death and Differentiation
|April 21, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Host immune responses, including innate and adaptive immunity, utilize programmed cell death (apoptosis) to combat viral infections. Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines that coordinate these antiviral defenses and induce apoptosis through various genes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The host immune system employs innate and adaptive responses to defend against viral infections.
  • Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a critical mechanism utilized by the host to prevent viral replication and spread.
  • Cytotoxic lymphocytes like natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are key players in eliminating infected cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of interferons (IFNs) in coordinating antiviral immunity and inducing apoptosis.
  • To identify IFN-induced genes that mediate apoptosis and contribute to antiviral defense.
  • To highlight the intricate interplay between viral strategies and host cell death mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on host antiviral defense mechanisms.

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  • Analysis of DNA array data indicating IFN-induced gene expression.
  • Examination of viral strategies to counteract IFN function and apoptosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Interferons (IFNs) are crucial cytokines that stimulate adaptive immunity and induce apoptosis.
    • IFN-induced genes, including TRAIL, PKR, IRFs, and PML, are mediators of cell death.
    • Numerous other uncharacterized cellular genes are also induced by IFN, suggesting a broad role in apoptosis modulation.
    • Viruses have evolved complex mechanisms to inhibit IFN antiviral functions and cell death pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Interferons play a central role in orchestrating the host's antiviral response, primarily through the induction of apoptosis.
    • The IFN-induced gene family represents a significant component of the host's defense against viral infections.
    • Understanding these IFN-mediated cell death pathways is crucial for developing effective antiviral therapies.