Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
Case series: neuropsychiatric symptoms with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
S B Turkel1, J H Miller, A Reiff
1Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd. #82, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
Objective:
To describe the psychiatric presentation, serologic findings, and neuroimaging patterns in children and adolescents with central nervous system involvement with systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS-SLE).
Method:
Pediatric patients with psychiatric symptoms who fulfilled the 1997 revised diagnostic American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were studied. Complement levels, and anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Smith, anti-phospholipid, and anti-neuronal antibodies were evaluated. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) neuroimaging studies were reviewed.
Results:
The 10 patients with CNS-SLE presented with psychosis, mood disturbance, or confusion, and 8 patients had concomitant neurologic symptoms. The 8 girls and 2 boys ranged in age from 7.5 to 17 years. Serum anti-neuronal antibodies were positive with onset of symptoms and declined with improvement. Initial SPECT was abnormal in all 10 patients and remained abnormal.
Conclusion:
SPECT and anti-neuronal antibodies help confirm CNS involvement in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Related Concept Videos
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Autism Spectrum Disorder
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

