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Related Experiment Videos

What's in a name: implicit self-esteem and the automatic self.

S L Koole1, A Dijksterhuis, A van Knippenberg

  • 1Department of Social Psychology, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Implicit self-esteem, often positive, influences automatic self-evaluations. These automatic processes, like name letter bias, occur without conscious thought and are linked to self-reported feelings.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Implicit self-esteem refers to unconscious positive or negative evaluations of the self.
  • The automatic self encompasses cognitive and affective processes that operate outside conscious awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between implicit self-esteem and automatic self-evaluative processes.
  • To determine the conditions under which implicit and explicit self-evaluations converge.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies utilized the name letter evaluation task to assess implicit self-esteem.
  • Experimental manipulations included inducing deliberative responding, rapid responding, and cognitive load.
  • Self-report measures of self-esteem were also employed.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A consistent positive bias in name letter evaluations confirmed generally positive implicit self-esteem.
  • This name letter bias demonstrated temporal stability.
  • Both name letter and birth date biases were correlated and could be inhibited under deliberative conditions.
  • Implicit and explicit self-evaluations aligned under conditions of rapid responding or cognitive load.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit self-esteem phenomena are driven by automatic self-evaluations.
  • Conscious reflection and deliberative processing can inhibit these automatic self-evaluations.
  • The findings support a dual-process model of self-evaluation, distinguishing automatic from controlled processes.