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Cochlear dysfunction and diabetic microangiopathy.

G Lisowska1, G Namysłowski, K Morawski

  • 12nd ENT Department, Silesian Medical Academy, Zabrze, Poland. grazyna.lisowska@powernet.com.pl

Scandinavian Audiology. Supplementum
|April 25, 2001
PubMed
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Type 1 diabetes impairs cochlear micromechanics, evidenced by reduced distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). This hearing alteration occurs even without diabetic microvascular complications like retinopathy or nephropathy.

Area of Science:

  • Otoacoustic Emissions
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Diabetic Complications

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) is associated with various microvascular complications.
  • Auditory function can be affected by metabolic disorders.
  • Cochlear micromechanics, particularly outer hair cell function, is crucial for hearing sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cochlear micromechanics in type 1 diabetic patients.
  • To compare cochlear function with diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy).
  • To investigate the underlying causes of auditory alterations in diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (2f1-f2 DPOAEs) were recorded in 42 type 1 diabetic patients and 33 controls.
  • Diabetic patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of microangiopathy.

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  • Microangiopathy was assessed via ophthalmoscopy and urinary albumin excretion rate.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean DPOAE amplitudes were significantly reduced in both diabetic groups compared to controls.
    • Tonal and impedance audiometry showed normal results in all participants.
    • No significant correlation was found between DPOAE reduction and the severity of retinopathy or nephropathy.

    Conclusions:

    • Cochlear micromechanics are altered in type 1 diabetic patients, irrespective of microvascular complications.
    • Outer hair cell dysfunction is likely due to early metabolic changes in diabetes, not directly microangiopathy.
    • Early metabolic derangements, such as non-enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress, may underlie hearing impairment in diabetes.