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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections with a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Quantitative Measurement of Invadopodia-mediated Extracellular Matrix Proteolysis in Single and Multicellular Contexts
14:23

Quantitative Measurement of Invadopodia-mediated Extracellular Matrix Proteolysis in Single and Multicellular Contexts

Published on: August 27, 2012

Lamellipodia in invasion.

J S Condeelis1, J B Wyckoff, M Bailly

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and the Intravital Imaging Program, Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|April 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic tumor cells orient towards blood vessels, guided by chemical signals. This process involves cell extensions called lamellipodia, driven by specific molecular pathways and actin dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Cancer research
  • Molecular mechanisms

Background:

  • Metastatic tumor cells exhibit directional movement crucial for invasion and spread.
  • Chemotaxis, or cell movement in response to chemical gradients, is a key driver of metastasis.
  • Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a known chemoattractant for various cell types, including tumor cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo orientation of metastatic tumor cells relative to blood vessels.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor cell chemotaxis towards EGF.
  • To identify key signaling pathways and cytoskeletal components involved in lamellipod extension during chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vivo imaging of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-labeled metastatic tumor cells.
  • Analyzed the distribution and internalization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR).
  • Assessed the role of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) alpha p110 isoform.
  • Investigated the involvement of the Arp2/3 complex and cofilin in actin dynamics.

Main Results:

  • GFP-labeled metastatic tumor cells were observed to orient towards blood vessels in vivo.
  • Tumor cell orientation in response to EGF initiates with lamellipod extension.
  • EGF receptor distribution was uniform on the plasma membrane, with internalized receptors accumulating near the EGF source.
  • The alpha p110 isoform of PI-3 kinase was found to be essential for this process.
  • Lamellipod protrusion was dependent on the synergistic action of the Arp2/3 complex and cofilin for filamentous actin generation.

Conclusions:

  • Metastatic tumor cells display directed migration towards blood vessels, suggesting a role in extravasation.
  • Tumor cell chemotaxis towards EGF involves specific receptor dynamics and intracellular signaling.
  • PI-3K signaling and actin remodeling machinery are critical for EGF-induced lamellipod extension and directed cell migration.