Tissue engineering in periodontics using rhBMP-2

The results of these studies show that rhBMP-2 clearly enhances regeneration in periodontal defects (Figures 2&3). The extent of regeneration appears to be significantly influenced by the nature of the carrier material used to deliver the rhBMP-2 to the periodontal wound. While the positive effects of rhBMP-2 on osteogenesis are well established, less is known about the way in which rhBMP-2 effects cementogenesis, or its role in the formation of a new periodontal ligament. From the studies reviewed, it would appear that rhBMP-2 facilitate in the formation of cellular cementum on previously denuded root surfaces. This newly formed cementum has also been shown to support an organised periodontal ligament attachment. Mechanisms related to the possible role of rhBMP-2 in ankylosis are presently unclear and will require further investigation as such sequelle may complicate the clinical utility of rhBMP-2 in periodontal regeneration. Root resorption has also been reported in the above mentioned studies and appears to be related to the concentration of rhBMP-2. Further research directed at understanding how different carriers influence the way in which the rhBMP-2 is released during wound healing should assist researchers with how to best apply these bioengineered proteins to ultimately achieve a more predictable regeneration of the periodontal attachment apparatus. Moreover, additional research into the differing biologic effects of other members of the BMP family of proteins may also hold further promise in the application of this technology to periodontal regeneration.