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Speed of processing in children with specific language impairment.

C A Miller1, R Kail, L B Leonard

  • 1Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. cam47@psu.edu

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|April 28, 2001
PubMed
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Children with specific language impairment (SLI) generally show slower response times across various tasks compared to typically developing peers. This processing speed deficit was observed in both linguistic and nonlinguistic activities.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Specific Language Impairment (SLI) affects language development in children.
  • Understanding processing speed is crucial for diagnosing and supporting children with SLI.
  • Previous research suggests potential links between SLI and slower cognitive processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response times of children with SLI across a variety of tasks.
  • To compare the processing speed of children with SLI to children with normal language development (NLD).
  • To examine if processing speed deficits are consistent across linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-seven third-grade children participated, including groups with SLI (n=29), NLD (n=29), and nonspecific language impairment (NLI, n=19).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants completed 10 different tasks, encompassing 41 conditions, comprising both linguistic and nonlinguistic activities.
  • Mean response times (RTs) were analyzed using regression models to compare groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with SLI consistently exhibited slower mean response times compared to children with NLD across all task conditions.
    • This slowing effect was evident in both separate analyses of linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks.
    • Children with NLI also showed slower RTs, with a more pronounced degree of slowing than the SLI group.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support the hypothesis that children with SLI generally have slower processing speeds than their typically developing peers.
    • The deficit in processing speed appears to be a general characteristic, affecting both language and non-language tasks.
    • However, the study acknowledges that not all children with SLI demonstrate this specific processing speed deficit.