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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

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Characterization of attenuated Renibacterium salmoninarum strains and their use as live vaccines.

J G Daly¹, S G Griffiths, A K Kew

¹Division of Natural Sciences, Purchase College, State University of New York, 10577, USA. jdaly@purchase.edu

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

|April 28, 2001

Summary

Two new strains of Renibacterium salmoninarum, Rs TSA1 and Rs BHI1, are avirulent and can be cultured on common media. Rs TSA1 demonstrated significant protection against bacterial kidney disease in Atlantic salmon vaccination trials.

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Area of Science:

Aquatic animal health
Bacteriology
Fish immunology

Background:

Renibacterium salmoninarum causes bacterial kidney disease (BKD), a significant threat to salmonid aquaculture.
Traditional culturing of R. salmoninarum requires specialized media (KDM-2), hindering research and diagnostics.
Nutritionally variant strains offer potential for improved vaccine development and laboratory handling.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize two nutritionally variant strains of R. salmoninarum (Rs TSA1 and Rs BHI1) with altered growth requirements.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of these strains as live vaccines against bacterial kidney disease in Atlantic salmon.

Main Methods:

Isolation and continuous culturing of R. salmoninarum strains on trypticase soy agar (TSA) and brain heart infusion (BHI) agar.
Assessment of bacterial virulence through intraperitoneal injection into Atlantic salmon.
Evaluation of vaccine efficacy using live attenuated strains (Rs TSA1, Rs BHI1, Rs MT-239) against virulent R. salmoninarum challenge.

Main Results:

Rs TSA1 and Rs BHI1 were successfully cultured on TSA and BHI media, respectively, unlike wild-type R. salmoninarum.
Both isolated strains were found to be avirulent in Atlantic salmon.
Vaccination with Rs TSA1 provided significant protection, with relative percent survival (RPS) of 50% and 76% in two separate trials.
Control groups in both trials experienced 100% mortality from BKD post-challenge.

Conclusions:

Nutritionally variant R. salmoninarum strains can be safely cultured on readily available media.
The avirulent strain Rs TSA1 shows promise as an effective live vaccine candidate for protecting Atlantic salmon against bacterial kidney disease.
Further research into these variant strains could lead to improved diagnostic tools and vaccine strategies for R. salmoninarum infections.