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Breakdown of the internet under intentional attack.

R Cohen1, K Erez, D ben-Avraham

  • 1Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. cohenr@shoshi.ph.biu.ac.il

Physical Review Letters
|May 1, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Scale-free networks are vulnerable to targeted attacks, even those resilient to random disruptions. Removing highly connected nodes causes network disintegration and alters distance scaling near critical points.

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Area of Science:

  • Network Science
  • Statistical Physics
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Scale-free networks exhibit a power-law degree distribution P(k) ~ k(-alpha).
  • These networks are generally robust against random node removal.
  • Understanding network resilience to intentional attacks is crucial for infrastructure security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tolerance of scale-free networks to intentional attacks.
  • To determine the critical fraction of targeted node removal causing network disintegration.
  • To analyze the scaling of distances within the largest connected cluster near criticality.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical and numerical studies using percolation theory.
  • Focus on scale-free networks with connectivity distribution P(k) ~ k(-alpha).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Simulation of intentional attacks by removing the most connected nodes.

    • Main Results:

    • Networks with alpha <= 3, robust to random removal, are sensitive to intentional attacks.
    • A critical fraction p(c) of targeted removal leads to network disintegration.
    • Average distance in the largest cluster scales as M(1/2) near criticality, deviating from log(M) scaling.

    Conclusions:

    • Scale-free networks are susceptible to targeted attacks, compromising their integrity.
    • The attack strategy significantly impacts network robustness.
    • Network behavior near criticality exhibits unique scaling properties.