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Related Experiment Videos

Surface fluctuations of normal and superfluid 3He probed by Wigner solid dynamics.

O I Kirichek1, M Saitoh, K Kono

  • 1Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, 277-8581 Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|May 1, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Electron scattering on liquid helium surfaces was studied. Below 70 mK, the relaxation rate showed anomalous behavior specific to helium-3, suggesting unique surface interactions in this superfluid.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Low-Temperature Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Electron scattering is a key probe for understanding surface phenomena.
  • The behavior of electrons on liquid helium surfaces is influenced by surface fluctuations.
  • Helium-3 exhibits unique properties in its normal and superfluid phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electron scattering from surface fluctuations on normal and superfluid helium-3.
  • To analyze the effect of these interactions on the magnetophonon mode of a Wigner solid.
  • To compare the observed phenomena in helium-3 with those in helium-4.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of the linewidth of the low-wave-vector transverse magnetophonon mode of electrons.
  • Utilizing an electron crystal (Wigner solid) floating on the helium surface.

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  • Conducting experiments across different temperature regimes, including below 70 mK and near the superfluid transition.

    • Main Results:

    • An anomalous decrease in the relaxation rate was observed below 70 mK for helium-3.
    • The relaxation rate plateaued at approximately one-third of its expected value.
    • A further drop in relaxation rate was noted at the superfluid transition temperature.
    • No similar anomalous behavior was observed for helium-4.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed anomalous relaxation rate is specific to liquid helium-3, indicating unique electron-surface interactions.
    • Surface fluctuations in helium-3 significantly impact electron dynamics, particularly in its normal and superfluid states.
    • The findings highlight the distinct physical properties of helium-3 compared to helium-4 at low temperatures.