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Related Concept Videos

What is Glycolysis?00:56

What is Glycolysis?

Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...

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Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells
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Glucose degradation products and peritoneal membrane function.

J Witowski1, T O Bender, G M Gahl

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.

Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
|May 2, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heat-sterilized peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) harm human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) viability and function due to glucose degradation products (GDPs). Filter-sterilized PDF avoids these harmful effects, preserving HPMC health.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) can be bioincompatible due to glucose degradation products (GDPs) formed during heat sterilization.
  • GDPs have been shown to impair human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) viability and function in vitro.
  • The toxicity of GDPs may be exacerbated by the PDF milieu.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the impact of heat-sterilized PDF (H-PDF) versus filter-sterilized PDF (F-PDF) on HPMC viability and function.
  • To investigate the role of GDPs in PDF-induced toxicity to HPMC.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory preparation of PDF with 1.5% and 4.25% glucose concentrations.
  • Sterilization of PDF by heat (H-PDF) or filtration (F-PDF).
  • Exposure of HPMC monolayers to H-PDF and F-PDF, followed by assessment of cell viability (MTT assay) and MCP-1 release (immunoassay).

Main Results:

  • H-PDF significantly decreased HPMC viability, with higher glucose concentrations being more toxic.
  • F-PDF did not affect HPMC viability compared to control cells.
  • H-PDF significantly impaired MCP-1 release from HPMC, more so than F-PDF.

Conclusions:

  • Heat sterilization of PDF generates GDPs that impair HPMC viability and function.
  • Filter sterilization of PDF prevents the formation of these toxic GDPs.
  • F-PDF is a safer alternative for peritoneal dialysis, preserving HPMC health.