Genetic origin of malignant trophoblastic neoplasms analyzed by sequence tag site polymorphic markers

To study the causative conception of malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs), we analyzed malignant GTNs by microsatellite PCR markers.

DNAs extracted from 12 malignant GTNs were subjected to PCR for five different chromosomal locations.

Of the 7 cases after a complete mole (CM), 5 were derived from androgenesis, but the remaining 2 were from normal fertilization. Of the 5 cases after nonmolar pregnancies, 2 placental site trophoblastic tumors had alleles from both parents. Of the other 3 choriocarcinomas, 1 was from normal fertilization after spontaneous abortion but 2 originated from androgenesis, suggesting that 1 was from a CM prior to the antecedent abortion, transforming after a long interval.

By combining the previous cases with these, our analysis of 39 cases demonstrated that trophoblastic neoplasms can arise from at least three different modes of origin (androgenesis, normal fertilization, and parthenogenesis), and antecedent pregnancy is not always identical to the causative conception. Placental site trophoblastic tumors might have different machinery for carcinogenesis because of the predominance of paternal and maternal contributions. In addition, a long dormancy of trophoblasts before malignant transformation, especially for those originating from normal fertilization, was also suggested.