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Intermittent force in orthodontic tooth movement.

T Konoo1, Y J Kim, G M Gu

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental College, Japan. tetsuro@kyu-dent.ac.jp

Journal of Dental Research
|May 3, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Short orthodontic activations stimulate osteoclasts but do not cause significant tooth movement or root resorption in rats. Intermittent and continuous forces activate osteoclasts, but only continuous force leads to minor tooth movement and root resorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Periodontology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex biological process.
  • Understanding the cellular and mechanical factors influencing tooth movement is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Short, intermittent orthodontic forces are increasingly explored for their potential effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of intermittent and continuous one-hour orthodontic activations on tooth movement, osteoclast activity, and root resorption in a rat model.
  • To determine if short orthodontic activations can initiate significant biological responses.

Main Methods:

  • 144 rats were divided into intermittent, continuous, and sham appliance groups.
  • Animals were euthanized at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days post-activation.

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  • Tooth movement, osteoclast numbers, osteoclast surface, and root resorption were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Continuous force resulted in mesial molar movement at days 3 and 14.
    • Both intermittent and continuous forces increased osteoclast numbers at early time points.
    • Continuous force significantly increased osteoclast surface and root resorption.
    • Intermittent force did not induce significant tooth movement or root resorption.

    Conclusions:

    • One-hour orthodontic activations stimulate osteoclasts at compression sites.
    • Short, intermittent orthodontic forces are insufficient to induce significant tooth movement or root resorption.
    • Continuous orthodontic force, even for short durations, can lead to tooth movement and root resorption.