Open scapulothoracic dissociation

Scapulothoracic dissociation refers to the traumatic separation of the shoulder from the chest wall. This most commonly occurs as a closed injury. We present a case of open scapulothoracic dissociation and emphasize clinical features unique to this injury. In both closed and open scapulothoracic dissociation, the force necessary to shear the scapula from its thoracic attachments results in vascular disruption and neurologic injury to the upper extremity. As a consequence, patients have a pulseless, flail upper extremity with a significant chest wall hematoma (closed) or active bleeding (open). The first priority is to resuscitate and address life-threatening injuries. If the patient has active bleeding, immediate vascular control to prevent exsanguination is essential. Patients with ischemia and an incomplete injury or unreliable neurologic examination need revascularization. Outcome is based on the extent of brachial plexus or cervical nerve root avulsion. Patients with loss of neurologic function ultimately benefit from amputation at the appropriate level.