Pharmacotherapy of ascariasis

Area of Science:

• Medical Parasitology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Ascariasis is a widespread intestinal nematode infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, affecting over one billion individuals globally.
• Despite low individual morbidity, the high prevalence leads to significant mortality, primarily due to intestinal obstruction.
• Transmission occurs through ingestion of Ascaris eggs via contaminated food, water, or hands.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of ascariasis.
• To highlight the importance of anthelminthic chemotherapy and preventive strategies in controlling the disease.
• To discuss potential zoonotic transmission from Ascaris suum.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on ascariasis epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.
• Analysis of global prevalence data and mortality causes.
• Summary of current therapeutic and preventive chemotherapy approaches.

Main Results:

• Ascariasis affects over one billion people, predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions.
• Intestinal obstruction is a major cause of ascariasis-related deaths.
• Mebendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel pamoate are primary treatments; preventive chemotherapy is effective in endemic areas.

Conclusions:

• Ascariasis remains a significant global health concern requiring effective treatment and control strategies.
• Anthelminthic chemotherapy is essential for eradicating parasites and preventing complications.
• Preventive chemotherapy in endemic communities offers a cost-effective approach to reduce disease burden.