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ISOPRENE EMISSION FROM PLANTS.

Thomas D Sharkey1, Sansun Yeh

  • 1Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; e-mail: tsharkey@facstaff.wisc.edu, syeh2@students.wisc.edu

Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
|May 5, 2001
PubMed
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Plants emit large amounts of isoprene, a hydrocarbon that impacts atmospheric chemistry. This process, while costly to plants, may help photosynthesis recover from heat stress and aid survival.

Area of Science:

  • Biogeochemistry
  • Plant Physiology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Vegetation, particularly mosses, ferns, and trees, releases substantial quantities of isoprene into the atmosphere.
  • This hydrocarbon flux is comparable to methane emissions and significantly influences the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biochemical pathway and physiological significance of isoprene emission in plants.
  • To understand the potential benefits of isoprene emission for plant survival under environmental stress.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the de novo synthesis of isoprene via the deoxyxylulose phosphate/methyl erythritol 4-phosphate pathway in plastids.
  • Enzyme activity of isoprene synthase was characterized, noting its high pH optimum and requirement for Mg2+.

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Main Results:

  • Isoprene emission is an energy-intensive process for plants, consuming carbon, ATP, and reducing power.
  • Isoprene synthase functions optimally within the chloroplast environment.

Conclusions:

  • Isoprene emission is hypothesized to aid photosynthesis recovery during brief high-temperature events.
  • The evolution of isoprene emission may have been crucial for plant adaptation to rapid atmospheric temperature fluctuations due to isoprene's low heat capacity.