A E Park1, M J Mastrangelo, A Gandsas
1University of Kentucky, Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lexington KY 40536-0293, USA.
This review covers laparoscopic dissecting instruments, detailing their development, energy sources like ultrasonic and water-jet dissection, and ergonomic challenges. Future directions include robotics and haptic feedback for enhanced surgical tools.
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