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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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Density fluctuations under confinement: when is a fluid not a fluid?

M Heuberger¹, M Zäch, N D Spencer

¹Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland. heuberger@surface.mat.ethz.ch

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 8, 2001

Summary

Confined cyclohexane transitions from a 3D fluid to a 2D adsorbate in attoliter volumes. This study reveals distinct properties and unexpected density fluctuations in confined fluids.

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Understanding fluid behavior in small volumes is crucial for diverse scientific fields.
Confinement alters fluid phase behavior and reveals excluded-volume effects.
Previous studies indicated structural forces and potential solidification in confined fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the behavior of thin cyclohexane films confined in attoliter volumes.
To simultaneously measure film thickness and refractive index under confinement.
To explore the transition from bulk fluid to 2D adsorbate behavior.

Main Methods:

Utilized an extended surface forces apparatus with fast spectral correlation.
Performed simultaneous measurements of film thickness and refractive index.
Studied cyclohexane confined within attoliter volumes.

Main Results:

Observed a drastic transition of cyclohexane from a 3D bulk fluid to a 2D adsorbate as pore width decreased.
Characterized the strikingly different properties of the 2D adsorbate.
Detected long-range density fluctuations of unexpected magnitude.

Conclusions:

Cyclohexane exhibits unique behavior when confined to attoliter volumes, transitioning to a 2D adsorbate.
The study provides new insights into fluid behavior at the nanoscale.
Unexpected density fluctuations highlight the complexity of confined systems.