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Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part I. Diagnostic factors.

G T Sameshima1, P M Sinclair

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, DEN 312D, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA. sameshim@usc.edu

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Predicting orthodontic root resorption is possible by identifying pretreatment factors. Maxillary anterior teeth, especially lateral incisors, are most affected, with abnormal root shapes increasing risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Root resorption is a common complication of orthodontic treatment.
  • Identifying predictive factors can help clinicians manage treatment and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify pretreatment factors predicting the incidence, location, and severity of apical root resorption.
  • To aid clinicians in anticipating root resorption before initiating orthodontic treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 868 patients treated with fixed edgewise appliances.
  • Assessment of apical root resorption (first molar to first molar, both arches) using full-mouth periapical radiographs.

Main Results:

  • Root resorption predominantly affects maxillary anterior teeth (average >1.4 mm).
  • Maxillary lateral incisors and teeth with abnormal root shapes (pipette, pointed, dilacerated) showed the most severe resorption.
  • Adults had more resorption in the mandibular anterior segment; Asian patients had less resorption than white or Hispanic patients.
  • Increased overjet correlated with greater root resorption, but overbite did not. Gender showed no significant difference.

Conclusions:

  • Pretreatment factors can predict orthodontic root resorption, particularly in maxillary anterior teeth.
  • Abnormal root morphology and increased overjet are significant risk factors for root resorption.
  • Patient ethnicity and age influence the incidence and severity of root resorption.