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Ruminant brain ribonucleases: expression and evolution.

W Zhao¹, E Confalone, H J Breukelman

¹Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, the Netherlands.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

|May 10, 2001

Summary

Molecular evolution in ruminants created brain-type ribonucleases with unique C-terminal extensions. These enzymes are found in brain tissue and lactating mammary glands, suggesting distinct secretion pathways.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Evolution
Biochemistry
Genomics

Background:

Gene duplication events in ruminant ancestors led to three paralogous ribonuclease genes.
A specific gene encodes a brain-type ribonuclease with a distinctive C-terminal extension in ruminants.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of brain-type ribonucleases in various ruminant species.
To explore the evolutionary origins and expression patterns of bovine brain ribonuclease.

Main Methods:

Western blot analysis to detect brain-type ribonucleases in different tissues.
Sequence analysis of ribonuclease genes and messenger RNA.
Enzyme isolation and identification from tissues.

Main Results:

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Brain-type ribonucleases were detected in the brain tissues of ox, sheep, roe deer, and chevrotain.
The giraffe's brain-type ribonuclease shows significant sequence deviation due to a reading frame change but remains functional.
Bovine brain ribonuclease mRNA is highly expressed in both brain and lactating mammary gland tissues.
The enzyme was isolated from mammary gland but not milk, unlike pancreatic ribonucleases.

Conclusions:

Ruminant brain-type ribonucleases possess unique C-terminal extensions, likely originating from deletions and insertions in ancestral DNA.
The presence of brain-type RNase in mammary glands suggests specialized secretion mechanisms distinct from pancreatic ribonucleases.