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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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Symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in spliceosomal Sm protein B/B' and the Sm-like protein LSm4, and their interaction with the SMN protein.

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The yeast U5 snRNP coisolated with the U1 snRNP has an unexpected protein composition and includes the splicing factor Aar2p.

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High intranuclear mobility and dynamic clustering of the splicing factor U1 snRNP observed by single particle tracking.

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Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
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Spliceosomal UsnRNP biogenesis, structure and function.

C L Will1, R Lührmann

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. cwill1@gwdg.de

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|May 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Advances in spliceosome research reveal that U2 and U4/U6*U5 tri-small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs) bind pre-mRNA earlier in assembly. This highlights UsnRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The spliceosome is a large molecular machine responsible for pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing.
  • UsnRNPs (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6) are core components of the spliceosome.
  • Understanding spliceosome assembly and function is crucial for gene expression regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biogenesis pathway and three-dimensional structure of UsnRNPs.
  • To investigate the timing of functional association of U2 and U4/U6*U5 tri-snRNPs during spliceosome assembly.
  • To provide evidence for UsnRNA-mediated catalysis in pre-mRNA splicing.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced structural biology techniques (e.g., cryo-EM) for UsnRNPs.
  • Biochemical assays to study spliceosome assembly intermediates.
  • In vitro splicing assays to probe UsnRNA function.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in determining UsnRNPs' structure and biogenesis.
  • U2 and U4/U6*U5 tri-snRNPs associate with pre-mRNA earlier than previously established.
  • New evidence supports the catalytic role of UsnRNAs in splicing.

Conclusions:

  • The findings refine the model of spliceosome assembly dynamics.
  • UsnRNPs play critical roles throughout the assembly process.
  • UsnRNA-mediated catalysis is a key feature of pre-mRNA splicing.