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An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment
08:43

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

Published on: July 28, 2012

Chitosan induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation in bladder tumor cells

M Hasegawa1, K Yagi, S Iwakawa

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann
|May 11, 2001
PubMed

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...