Dynamic system modeling of the 3-D oculomotor plant. The 1st step in discerning ocular motor control

This paper describes the design and development of a 3-D ocular motor plant. The 3-D model is an expansion of the Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model reported by Enderle et. al., which describes the dynamics of horizontal eye movements about a single axis. In addition to its predecessor, the 3-D model incorporates both vertical and torsional components of the ocular plant, along with recent findings of mid-orbital constraints referred to as muscle pulleys. Insight of ocular motor control, as well as diagnosis of strabismus, would benefit from such a model.