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Preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: impairments in behavioral, social, and school

G J DuPaul1, K E McGoey, T L Eckert

  • 1School Psychology Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|May 15, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show more behavioral and social challenges. Their families also experience increased stress compared to children without ADHD.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Behavioral Health

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impacting children.
  • Early identification and understanding of ADHD's effects in preschool years are crucial for intervention.
  • Preschool-aged children represent a critical developmental window for assessing ADHD's multifaceted impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional differences in home, school, and medical domains.
  • To compare preschool children diagnosed with ADHD against typically developing peers.
  • To identify specific areas of difficulty for young children with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 94 preschoolers (58 with ADHD, 36 controls) aged 3-5 years was assessed.
  • Data collection involved parent/teacher ratings, stress/family functioning measures, medical data, behavioral observations, and preacademic testing.
  • Utilized a multi-method approach to capture a comprehensive view of functioning.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD displayed significantly more problem behaviors and lower social skills than controls.
  • Parents of children with ADHD reported higher stress levels and less adaptive coping mechanisms.
  • Children with ADHD exhibited increased noncompliance, negative social behaviors, and lower preacademic skills; no differences in medical issues were found.

Conclusions:

  • Preschoolers with ADHD face substantial risks for behavioral, social, familial, and academic impairments.
  • Early ADHD diagnosis is linked to significant challenges across multiple life domains.
  • Targeted support for families and educational settings is vital for children with ADHD.
Abstract

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