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Assessing morphological differences in an adaptive trait: a landmark-based morphometric approach.

R C Albertson¹, T D Kocher

¹Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA. craiga@hopper.unh.edu

The Journal of Experimental Zoology

|May 15, 2001

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East African cichlid jaw evolution reveals distinct feeding adaptations. Hybrid analysis suggests additive genetic control over these significant morphological differences.

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Comparative anatomy
Ichthyology

Background:

East African cichlid fishes exhibit remarkable oral jaw diversity.
Feeding ecology significantly influences jaw morphology and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the adaptive evolution of oral jaw morphology in two Lake Malawi cichlid species with different feeding strategies.
To analyze the skeletal elements of the oral jaws and neurocranium.

Main Methods:

Morphological analysis of dentary, articular, premaxilla, and maxilla in Labeotropheus fuelleborni (biting feeder) and Metriaclima zebra (sucking feeder).
Thin-plate spline method used to quantify morphological differences.
Analysis of jaw morphology in hybrids between the two species.

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Main Results:

Significant shape differences were identified in oral jaw elements and neurocranium, correlating with feeding modes.
Hybrid progeny displayed statistically significant differences from both parental species for all characters analyzed.
Morphological changes observed are directly related to the functional design of the cichlid head.

Conclusions:

Jaw morphology in these cichlids is strongly linked to feeding ecology and functional requirements.
Hybrid analysis indicates an additive mode of inheritance for the genetic factors controlling jaw phenotypes.