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Biotransformation enzymes as determinants of xenobiotic toxicity in domestic animals.

¹Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 41, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy. cnebbia@veter.unito.it

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)

|May 16, 2001

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Foreign compounds in domestic animals undergo biotransformation via enzyme systems, producing metabolites. This process can either detoxify or activate xenobiotics, influencing toxicity and drug safety.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Pharmacology
Toxicology
Biochemistry

Background:

Foreign compounds (xenobiotics) undergo biotransformation in living organisms.
Biotransformation is mediated by hepatic and extra-hepatic enzyme systems.
Metabolites, often more polar, are produced and excreted, but can sometimes be toxic.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of biotransformation enzymes in domestic animals.
To examine xenobiotic activation and detoxification pathways.
To discuss species-specific toxicities and factors influencing xenobiotic metabolism.

Main Methods:

Review of oxidative, reductive, hydrolytic, and conjugative biotransformation enzymes.
Examination of extra-hepatic metabolism and target organ toxicity.

Related Experiment Videos

Discussion of rumen microflora activity and its impact on xenobiotics.

Main Results:

Biotransformation enzymes play a crucial role in xenobiotic metabolism.
Metabolites can exhibit toxicity, sometimes exceeding that of the parent compound.
Rumen microflora significantly affects the metabolism of ingested substances.

Conclusions:

Understanding xenobiotic biotransformation is vital for animal health and drug safety.
Species-specific metabolic capabilities influence susceptibility to poisons.
Enzyme inducers and inhibitors significantly modulate xenobiotic toxicity.