Principles and applications of echo-planar imaging: a review for the general radiologist

Echo-planar imaging is a very fast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique capable of acquiring an entire MR image in only a fraction of a second. In single-shot echo-planar imaging, all the spatial-encoding data of an image can be obtained after a single radio-frequency excitation. Multishot echo-planar imaging results in high-quality images comparable to conventional MR images. However, echo-planar imaging offers major advantages over conventional MR imaging, including reduced imaging time, decreased motion artifact, and the ability to image rapid physiologic processes of the human body. The use of echo-planar imaging has already resulted in significant advances in clinical diagnosis and scientific investigation, such as in evaluation of stroke and functional imaging of the human brain, respectively. The clinical indications for echo-planar imaging are expanding rapidly, and it can now be applied to many parts of the body, including the brain, abdomen, and heart. Today, with the availability of echo-planar imaging-capable MR imagers at many sites, the general radiologist can benefit from echo-planar imaging and its clinical applications.