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Studies with timed-pregnant squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).

S J Stolzenberg, D C Jones, J N Kaplan

    Journal of Medical Primatology
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Breeding success in a large colony of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) was assessed. High insemination rates were observed, but early pregnancy loss may contribute to low birth rates in nonhabituated settings.

    Area of Science:

    • Primate reproductive biology
    • Colony management
    • Animal behavior

    Background:

    • Establishing breeding colonies of nonhuman primates is crucial for research.
    • Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkeys) are widely used in biomedical research.
    • Understanding reproductive parameters in nonhabituated colonies is essential for successful breeding programs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document reproductive parameters in a large, nonhabituated colony of Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).
    • To assess insemination rates, gestational periods, and early pregnancy outcomes.
    • To identify factors potentially contributing to low birth rates in such colonies.

    Main Methods:

    • A large colony of 373 female and 40 male Saimiri sciureus was established.

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  • Insemination was determined by sperm presence or vaginal plug detection.
  • Pregnancy was monitored, and gestational periods were recorded.
  • Early pregnancy loss was evaluated using mouse bioassays.

    • Main Results:

    • 74% of females (277/373) showed signs of insemination.
    • 46 full-term progeny were delivered with a mean gestational period of 152.5 days.
    • The median time to insemination was 5 days under continuous cohabitation.
    • High rates of early embryonic resorptions were detected within the first 50 days of gestation.

    Conclusions:

    • Squirrel monkeys in nonhabituated colonies exhibit high insemination rates.
    • Significant early pregnancy loss (resorptions) may be a key factor limiting birth rates.
    • These findings provide insights into reproductive challenges in nonhabituated primate colonies and inform future breeding strategies.