Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

Understanding Sleep

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...

Stages of Sleep

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Abnormalities in thalamo-cortical connections in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a two-tensor tractography study.

Brain imaging and behavior·2018

Same author

Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group.

Molecular psychiatry·2017

Same author

Disrupted sleep-wake regulation in type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter knockout mice.

Neuroscience·2015

Same author

Analysis of schizophrenia-related genes and electrophysiological measures reveals ZNF804A association with amplitude of P300b elicited by novel sounds.

Translational psychiatry·2014

Same author

Dream Bizarreness as the Cognitive Correlate of Altered Neuronal Behavior in REM Sleep.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2013

Same author

Sleep active cortical neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase are active after both acute sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction.

Neuroscience·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 26, 2016

Neuronal excitability modulation over the sleep cycle: a structural and mathematical model.

R W McCarley, J A Hobson

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 4, 1975

Summary

This study presents a physiological model for sleep cycle control, detailing reciprocal interactions between pontine gigantocellular tegmental field (FTG) cells and locus coeruleus (LC) cells. The model accurately predicts cell activity, aligning with experimental sleep recordings.

More Related Videos

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 26, 2016

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Biology
Sleep Science

Background:

The desynchronized phase of the sleep cycle is regulated by complex neural interactions.
Reciprocal signaling between specific brainstem nuclei is hypothesized to control this phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a physiological model for the control of the desynchronized sleep phase.
To investigate the interaction between pontine gigantocellular tegmental field (FTG) cells and locus coeruleus (LC) cells.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a physiological model based on reciprocal interactions between FTG and LC cells.
Utilizing Lotka-Volterra type equations to describe the model's dynamics.
Comparison of model predictions with long-term recordings of FTG cells and single-cycle data for LC cells.

Main Results:

The developed model successfully captures the dynamics of the desynchronized sleep phase.
Predicted time course of activity for FTG cells closely matched experimental data.
Model predictions for LC cells also showed good agreement with recorded data.

Conclusions:

The reciprocal interaction model between FTG and LC cells provides a valid framework for understanding desynchronized sleep control.
The Lotka-Volterra model effectively simulates neural activity during this sleep phase.
This work offers insights into the neural mechanisms governing sleep regulation.